germanium - перевод на Английский
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germanium - перевод на Английский

CHEMICAL ELEMENT WITH SYMBOL GE AND ATOMIC NUMBER 32
Element 32; Eka-silicon; Ekasilicon; Basic parameters of germanium; Germanium whisker; Ge (element); Ge diodes; Eka-Silicon; Germanyum; Germanyium; Germanium compounds; Germanium compound; Compounds of germanium; History of germanium
  • alt=Skeletal chemical structure of a tetrahedral molecule with germanium atom in its center bonded to four hydrogen atoms. The Ge-H distance is 152.51 picometers.
  • Prediction of germanium, "?=70" (periodic table 1869)
  • alt=Skeletal chemical structures outlining an additive chemical reaction including an organogermanium compound.
  • alt=Photo of a standard transparent plastic bottle.
  • alt=A brown block of irregular shape and surface, about 6 cm in size.
  • Jacket 400 µm
}}

germanium         

[dʒə:'meiniəm]

общая лексика

германий

полупроводниковый материал, из которого изготавливались первые транзисторы. Практически полностью вытеснен кремнием

германиевый

синоним

Ge

Смотрите также

gallium arsenide; silicon; germanium diode; germanium dioxide; germanium photocell; germanium rectifier; germanium transistor; polycrystalline germanium; single-crystal germanium

существительное

химия

германий

germanium         
germanium noun chem. германий
germane         
CHEMICAL COMPOUND
Monogermane; Germanium(IV) hydride; Germanium tetrahydride; Germanomethane; GeH4; Germane gas; Germanium hydride; Potassium germyl; Rubidium germyl; Caesium germyl

[dʒə:'mein]

прилагательное

общая лексика

уместный, подходящий

книжное выражение

уместный

подходящий

Определение

Germanium
·noun A rare element, recently discovered (1885), in a silver ore (argyrodite) at Freiberg. It is a brittle, silver-white metal, chemically intermediate between the metals and nonmetals, resembles tin, and is in general identical with the predicted ekasilicon. Symbol Ge. Atomic weight 72.3.

Википедия

Germanium

Germanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is lustrous, hard-brittle, grayish-white and similar in appearance to silicon. It is a metalloid in the carbon group that is chemically similar to its group neighbors silicon and tin. Like silicon, germanium naturally reacts and forms complexes with oxygen in nature.

Because it seldom appears in high concentration, germanium was discovered comparatively late in the discovery of the elements. Germanium ranks near fiftieth in relative abundance of the elements in the Earth's crust. In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev predicted its existence and some of its properties from its position on his periodic table, and called the element ekasilicon. In 1886, Clemens Winkler at Freiberg University found the new element, along with silver and sulfur, in the mineral argyrodite. Winkler named the element after his country, Germany. Germanium is mined primarily from sphalerite (the primary ore of zinc), though germanium is also recovered commercially from silver, lead, and copper ores.

Elemental germanium is used as a semiconductor in transistors and various other electronic devices. Historically, the first decade of semiconductor electronics was based entirely on germanium. Presently, the major end uses are fibre-optic systems, infrared optics, solar cell applications, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Germanium compounds are also used for polymerization catalysts and have most recently found use in the production of nanowires. This element forms a large number of organogermanium compounds, such as tetraethylgermanium, useful in organometallic chemistry. Germanium is considered a technology-critical element.

Germanium is not thought to be an essential element for any living organism. Similar to silicon and aluminium, naturally-occurring germanium compounds tend to be insoluble in water and thus have little oral toxicity. However, synthetic soluble germanium salts are nephrotoxic, and synthetic chemically reactive germanium compounds with halogens and hydrogen are irritants and toxins.

Примеры употребления для germanium
1. It contains organic germanium, organic selenium, organic zinc, organic chromium and vitamin B complex.
2. The front–runner for the past several years, called CDMS for cryogenic dark matter search, uses ultracold silicon and germanium crystals each the size of a hockey puck to sift out telltale vibrations of a WIMP collision.
3. Transistors are the basic building blocks of the processors found in everything from supercomputers to digital music players, and IBM achieved the record speeds by building one from silicon laced with exotic chemical element germanium.
Как переводится germanium на Русский язык